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Modulating Neuroinflammation and Autophagy in Psychiatric Disorders Through Mechanisms and Therapies: Therapeutic Strategies and Pathways
Abstract
The chapter presents the relationship between autophagy and neuroinflammation in major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. It emphasizes that oxidative stress coupled with mitochondrial dysfunction can activate mTOR, AMPK, and FOXO1, thereby influencing synaptic function and behavior. The influence of microglia, HMGB1, and Toll-like receptors is discussed. The chapter explores how altered gut microbiota and nutrition affect autophagy by regulating short-chain fatty acid levels and inflammatory signals. The effects of lifestyle modifications, such as time-restricted feeding and the use of key phytochemicals (curcumin, resveratrol, hydroxytyrosol, thymoquinone, saffron), on autophagy and inflammation levels are investigated. Summary tables and case studies support the results presented. Neuronal organoids and 3D-printed brain models are introduced as innovative tools to explore disease pathways for future clinical initiatives.
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