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Autophagy and Inflammation in Neuropsychological Disorders: Autophagy in the Neurological-Visual Disease - Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
Abstract
Vision is a highly complex neural process that begins in the retina and is transmitted to the brain through the optic nerve, relying on the precise function of highly specialized neural and glial cells. It is of great importance for the integrity of vision to maintain the health of these cells. Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent degradation pathway, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis by eliminating misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. Dysregulation of autophagy has been recognized as a pivotal factor in the pathogenesis of multiple neurological-visual diseases, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs). This chapter studies how autophagy is essentially governed at the molecular level during physiological/pathophysiological processes, particularly in the retina and optic nerve. Finally, emerging therapeutic approaches that aim to regulate autophagy are discussed to offer potential avenues to slow disease progression and preserve vision in neurodegenerative eye disorders.
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