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Endocrine Disruptors and DNA Damage: Mechanisms, Risks, and a Public Health Implications
Abstract
Endocrine disruptors, which are environmental chemicals, interfere with hormone regulation and increase health risks. This chapter examines the DNA-damaging effects of EDs, which lead to mutations, genomic instability, and the development of cancer. Key molecular mechanisms include oxidative damage, epigenetic alterations, and receptor-mediated abnormalities that result from EDs exposure and associated health issues. It also discusses the risks of endocrine disruptors for pregnant women and children, as well as other vulnerable population groups. The discussion encompasses public health implications as well as regulatory standards for risk evaluation and methods to minimize exposure. Future directions include advancing biomarker development, refining risk assessment models, and designing safer chemical alternatives to reduce exposure.
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