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Legal, Affective, and Policy Dimensions of the AI Ecosystem in Language Education

Legal, Affective, and Policy Dimensions of the AI Ecosystem in Language Education
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Author(s): Glenn Stockwell (The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong)
Copyright: 2026
Volume: 16
Issue: 1
Pages: 14
Source title: International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching (IJCALLT)
Editor(s)-in-Chief: Professor Bin Zou (Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China)and Professor David Barr (Ulster University, United Kingdom)
DOI: 10.4018/IJCALLT.404017

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Abstract

The integration of artificial intelligence into language education occurs within a complex ecosystem of legal frameworks, emotional responses, institutional policies, and assessment practices. This paper moves beyond pedagogical considerations to examine three interconnected areas: first, legal issues including intellectual property, liability, misrepresentation, and privacy concerns raised by processing learner data; second, affective dimensions including technostress, precarity, digital wellbeing, and the impact of working alongside systems that appear to surpass human capabilities; third, the policy environment, arguing that AI must be addressed through institutional dialogue, coherent guidelines, and curriculum integration. Assessment is also addressed, arguing for a shift from product-focused to process-inclusive approaches. Drawing on the Gartner Hype Cycle, the paper argues that the transition from technology-focused enthusiasm to productive integration is neither automatic nor inevitable, and that attending to ecosystem-level concerns is essential for sustainable AI adoption.

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