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Toxicity of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: Impact of Physical State, Mechanisms of Action, and Strategies for Remediation in Biomedical Applications
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Author(s): Elkhatim Hassan Abdelgadir (Naif Arab University of Security Sciences, Saudi Arabia), Fauzia Ashfaq (College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Saudi Arabia), Sakshi Gupta (Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, India), Nimish Dhakad (Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, India), Sachil Kumar (Amity University, Greater Noida, India)and Shipra Rohatgi (Amity University, India)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 22
Source title:
Biomedical Applications and Toxicity of Polymers, Nanoparticles, Biomaterials, and Metal Ions
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Deniz Eren Erişen (Institute of Semiconductors, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China), Faez Iqbal Khan (Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China), Cheng Chang (Institute of New Materials, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, China & University of Birmingham, UK)and Kai-Cheng Yan (University of Bath, UK)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-0055-9.ch015
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Abstract
Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) show great promise in biomedical applications, but their toxicity varies. Metallic NPs are stable, while metal oxide and alloy NPs dissolve in biological conditions, releasing metal ions that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative stress and cellular damage. Their rapid distribution and accumulation in tissues raise toxicity concerns. This chapter reviews their toxicological effects, mechanisms, and strategies for risk mitigation, including surface modifications and remediation.
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