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The Evolving Cyber Threat Landscape in India: Trends and Implications

The Evolving Cyber Threat Landscape in India: Trends and Implications
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Author(s): Pallavi Kudal (Balaji Institute of International Business, Sri Balaji University, Pune, India)and Rahul Waghmare (Balaji Institute of International Business, Sri Balaji University, Pune, India)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 20
Source title: Policies Against Fraud and Cybercrime: Strategic, Legal, and Technological Approaches
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Ricardo Marcão (ISLA Santarem, Polytechnic University, Portugal & NECE, University of Beira Interior, Portugal ), Vasco Ribeiro Santos (ISLA Santarém, Portugal & GOVCOPP, Portugal)and Nuno Mateus-Coelho (CTS UNINOVA, Portugal & Lusófona University, Portugal)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-5992-2.ch006

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Abstract

India's rapid digital transformation, driven by fintech, e-governance, and smartphone penetration, has created vast opportunities but also heightened cyber risks. A 278% rise in state-sponsored attacks and incidents reported by 83% of organizations makes India one of the most targeted nations. Threats are evolving—from Ransomware-as-a-Service and state-backed espionage to supply chain exploits and disinformation campaigns. Systemic vulnerabilities such as outdated infrastructure, weak regulations, talent shortages, and poor cyber hygiene amplify risks. Businesses suffer financial and reputational losses, governments face threats to critical infrastructure, and citizens encounter identity theft and fraud. Combating these challenges requires stronger public-private partnerships, AI-driven detection, resilient infrastructure, legislative reforms, and widespread cyber literacy. Building cybersecurity talent and awareness is vital to mitigate human-factor risks. India's digital future is promising, but securing it demands collaboration, innovation, and proactive defense is essential.

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