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Surveillance Technologies in Public Service Implications for Street-Level Bureaucrats
Abstract
This chapter discusses the utilization of surveillance technologies by street-level bureaucrats. It examines the emergence of AI-powered surveillance technologies that have significantly enhanced surveillance practices across public services, such as policing, urban management, border control, and public health surveillance. This chapter addresses these technologies' opportunities and risks, including power imbalances, privacy concerns, and ethical considerations, including algorithmic bias and misclassification problems. Analyzing selected public service use cases, it assesses how these surveillance tools have reshaped the roles of street-level bureaucrats. Furthermore, this study outlines the transition of street-level bureaucrats from screen-level bureaucrats to street-level algorithms, with a particular focus on the phenomenon of ‘street-level surveillance.' The findings presented in this chapter aim to contribute insights for policymakers and street-level bureaucrats, aiming to encourage the responsible use of AI-powered surveillance in public services and open public spaces.
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