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Protection and Challenges of Mount Kailash as a Sacred Pilgrimage Site in the Context of Geopolitics and Conflict
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Author(s): Vishal Jain (School of Engineering and Technology, Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies, New Delhi, India), Archan Mitra (Amity University, Mumbai, India), Sanchita Paul (Neil Patel Digital India, India)and Ruma Roy (Independant Researcher, India)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 28
Source title:
Cultural Heritage Protection and Restoration in Conflict and Post-Conflict Zones
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Emilia Alaverdov (Georgian Technical University, Georgia)and Muhammad Waseem Bari (Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-2540-8.ch013
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Abstract
Mount Kailash, venerated by Hindu, Buddhist, Jain, and Bon traditions, is among Asia's most sacred pilgrimage sites. Located in China's Tibet Autonomous Region, the mountain holds deep spiritual importance while simultaneously occupying a geopolitically sensitive border zone shared by China, India, and Nepal. This research critically investigates Mount Kailash's cultural heritage value and the complex challenges related to its protection, accessibility, and governance. Using frameworks from cultural geography, heritage studies, and political ecology, the study explores how border disputes, militarization, and restricted pilgrim access have rendered Kailash a contested spiritual and political landscape. Through policy analysis, archival research, and documented ethnographic accounts, the research identifies how state-led narratives and infrastructure projects reshape heritage practices and ritual ecologies. Emphasizing conflict-sensitive approaches, the study proposes frameworks that integrate religious rights, ecological sustainability, and regional diplomacy.
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