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Minimalism in Design: A Gestalt Perspective on Simplicity and Closure
Abstract
Minimalist design strengthens communication by reducing cognitive load and directing attention to essential elements. The simplicity (Prägnanz) and closure principles of Gestalt psychology explain the effect of minimalist design; the brain prefers regular, symmetrical structures and perceives holistic forms by completing missing elements. When examining movie posters between 1990 and 2020 and the works of minimalist designers such as Saul Bass, Paul Rand, Josef Müller-Brockmann, Massimo Vignelli, Wim Crouwel, it is seen how negative space, limited color palettes, and geometric compositions are used. These posters clarify messages with bold typography, symbols, and high-contrast arrangements instead of complex images. Minimalist design strengthens focus by eliminating unnecessary details and increases the mental engagement of the viewer. Gestalt principles increase comprehension and memorability by supporting the viewer's tendency to complete missing information. As a result, minimalism is a powerful tool that provides clarity and impact in visual communication.
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