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Large Language Models and Geopolitical Competition: Governmental Power and the Challenges of a VUCA World

Large Language Models and Geopolitical Competition: Governmental Power and the Challenges of a VUCA World
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Author(s): Srirath Goi Gohwong (Kasetsart University, Thailand)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 30
Source title: Technology, Geopolitics, and the Transformation of International Political Economy
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Kittisak Wongmahesak (North Bangkok University, Thailand), Thanaporn Sriyakul (North Bangkok University, Thailand), Uday Kumar Ghosh (Lincoln University, USA)and Ismail Suardi Wekke (Institut Agama Islam Negeri Sorong, Indonesia)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-1727-4.ch006

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Abstract

This study examined how China, Russia, India, and the United States implemented strategic policy measures to bolster national LLM firms and establish AI sovereignty during the period of the LLM Cold War. It examined how governments utilized Weimer and Vining's policy instruments and state power marketing to improve digital legitimacy and oppose kakistoscryptocracy. Through documentary analysis, the study uncovered state-centric models in China and Russia that stressed ideological control and cybersecurity, while India and the U.S. adopted market-centric models fostering innovation via public-private partnerships. These strategies demonstrated that AI governance combined technology with political power and epistemology, where managing algorithms and narratives established what is considered truth.

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