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Children's Rights in the Digital Space: Legal and Ethical Considerations
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Author(s): Anjali Rawat (University of Extremadura, Spain), George Kurian (Eastern New Mexico University, USA), Romil Rawat (LabGeoInf- Research LABoratory in GEOmatics and INFormation systems, National Research Council in Italy, Rome, Italy& Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya, India), Janet Olivia Richmond (Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, India), Anand Rajavat (Shri Vaishnav Vidyapeeth Vishwavidyalaya, India)and Purvee Bhardwaj (Rabindranath Tagore University, India)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 28
Source title:
Child Protection Laws and Crime in the Digital Era
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Romil Rawat (LabGeoInf-Research LABoratory in GEOmatics and INFormation systems, National Research Council in Italy, Rome, Italy), Sanjaya Kumar Sarangi (Utkal University, India), A. Samson Arun Raj (Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, India), Janet Olivia Richmond (Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, India)and Purvee Bhardwaj (Rabindranath Tagore University, India)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-5132-2.ch005
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Abstract
The rapid expansion of social media has sparked growing concern about safeguarding children's rights online. This study examines TikTok's impact on minors, with a focus on data privacy, consent, and exposure to inappropriate content. Using a custom dataset—TikTok-YouthEngage2024—comprising 5,000 public short videos, interaction data, and anonymized metadata sorted by age group, we evaluated compliance with children's digital rights. A Legal-Ethical Compliance Scoring (LECS) method was developed, integrating NLP, image analysis, and policy-alignment tools to assess content against key articles of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. Results show that 28.4% of the content may breach standards related to data use or age-inappropriate exposure, while 15.7% of interactions suggest algorithmic targeting misaligned with children's developmental needs. Only 41.2% of videos involving minors showed signs of informed consent. These findings highlight the pressing need for stronger regulation and ethical design to protect young users online.
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