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AI as Digital Pharmakon: The Critical AI Literacy With the Perspectives of Epistemology and Meta-Knowledge

AI as Digital Pharmakon: The Critical AI Literacy With the Perspectives of Epistemology and Meta-Knowledge
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Author(s): Feride Zeynep Güder (Üsküdar University, Turkey)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 28
Source title: Critical Perspectives on Digital Culture and Gaming
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): M. Nur Erdem (Ondokuz Mayıs University, Turkey)and Özgün Arda Kuş (Uskudar University, Turkey)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-6192-5.ch001

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Abstract

This research aims to examine AI as a “digital pharmakon,” emphasizing its dual role as both a remedy and a poison in the context of epistemology and AI. Artificial intelligence can enhance human cognition and offer epistemic advantages via neural networks and social media. However, it poses serious threats to cognitive integrity, autonomy, and attention. The study proposes “critical AI literacy” as a solution to mitigate the potential harm that AI systems may cause. The study highlights the ethical and epistemological conundrums raised by the development of AI, particularly in relation to manipulation, spying, and the erosion of individual autonomy. It uses theoretical concepts from Derrida, Heidegger, Stiegler, and Vervaeke to do this. The study suggests a holistic approach to AI regulation by combining epistemology.

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