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Toward Human-Centric Cybersecurity: Case Study Insights and the HuCRAF Model
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Author(s): Olumide O. Malomo (Virginia State University, USA), Shanzhen Gao (Virginia State University, USA), Adeyemi A. Adekoya (Virginia State University, USA), Aurelia M. Donald (Virginia State University, USA), Theodore Andrews Jr. (Virginia State University, USA), Julian D. Allagan (Elizabeth City State University, USA), Weizheng Gao (Elizabeth City State University, USA), Jianning Su (Perimeter College, Georgia State University, USA)and Ephrem Eyob (Virginia State University, USA)
Copyright: 2025
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Pages: 61
Source title:
International Journal of Cybersecurity and Risk Assessment (IJCRA)
Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Amin Almaiah (University of Jordan, Jordan)
DOI: 10.4018/IJCRA.389592
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Abstract
Human vulnerabilities contribute to organizational data breaches across various sectors. Between 2013 and 2024, despite emerging technology and innovations in cybersecurity defenses, recurring patterns such as poor communication, leadership lapses, and decision-making under pressure remain central to the causation of cybersecurity breaches. Using the Dirty Dozen human error framework, the study identifies systemic behavioral risks often overlooked in cybersecurity governance. The authors propose the Human-Centric Risk Assessment Framework (HuCRAF) to fill this void. HuCRAF offers six thematic pillars and six assessment stages to embed behavioral risk into cybersecurity governance. The findings support a shift toward a behavior-informed cybersecurity strategy and a platform for future studies to enhance HuCRAF through decision modeling and algorithmic risk discovery. The recommendations include adopting HuCRAF, measuring security culture, conducting breach simulations, and managing legacy systems.
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