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Up-Converting Nanoparticles: Promising Markers for Biomedical Applications
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Author(s): Livia Petrescu (University of Bucharest, Romania), Speranta Avram (University of Bucharest, Romania), Maria Mernea (University of Bucharest, Romania)and Dan Florin Mihailescu (University of Bucharest, Romania)
Copyright: 2017
Pages: 34
Source title:
Sustainable Nanosystems Development, Properties, and Applications
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Mihai V. Putz (West University of Timişoara, Romania & Research and Development National Institute for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter (INCEMC) Timişoara, Romania)and Marius Constantin Mirica (Research and Development National Institute for Electrochemistry and Condensed Matter (INCEMC) Timişoara, Romania)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-0492-4.ch012
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Abstract
Up-converting nanoparticles are dielectric crystalline particles doped with rare-earth ions such as Yb3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Ho3+, Nd3+, etc. When excited in infrared, they emit visible radiation. Used as markers, they present significant advantages in comparison to traditional fluorophores: sharp emission lines, superior photostability, resistence to photobleaching, no blinking and lack of toxicity. Infrared radiation is less harmful to cells avoiding tissue degradation, minimizes auto-fluorescence from endogenous biocomponents offering a good signal-to-background ratio and penetrates tissues deeply. In spite of the great advantages of using up-converting nanoparticles for biomedical applications, there are still some limitations. These refer to identification of optimal size suited for specific samples, prevention of aggregation, water stability/dispersibility, optical efficiency and biocompatibility. This chapter reviews principal characteristics of up-converting nanoparticles and issues related to their use in biomedical applications.
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