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The Empire Strikes Back: U.S. Hegemony and Its Influence on the WTO

The Empire Strikes Back: U.S. Hegemony and Its Influence on the WTO
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Author(s): Juliana Florentina Fernandes Leao (Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Belgium)and Roberto Alexandre Zanchetta Borghi (Institute of Economics, UNICAMP, Brazil)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 34
Source title: Geopolitical and Economic Consequences of Trade Policies and Tariffs
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Renata ThiƩbaut (AI Global Exchange Forum, Canada)and Marc Selgas-Cors (Universitat de Barcelona, Spain)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-3835-4.ch003

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Abstract

This chapter analyzes the transformation of U.S. trade policy from 2016 to 2025, focusing on the erosion of its multilateral leadership, particularly within the World Trade Organization (WTO). Drawing from Giovanni Arrighi's theory of global hegemony, it explores the ideological and material foundations of American dominance and the systemic contradictions exposed by rising protectionism. Emphasizing the role of China's ascent and institutional strain, the study argues that the U.S. shift reflects a structural reconfiguration of global trade governance rather than a temporary deviation. The analysis traces historical developments, theoretical foundations, and recent policy shifts under Donald Trump's two terms in office.

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