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Risks, Challenges, and Ethical Considerations in Tokenized Systems: Supplementary Illustrative Indigenous Case Study

Risks, Challenges, and Ethical Considerations in Tokenized Systems: Supplementary Illustrative Indigenous Case Study
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Author(s): Shahinaz Hanem (Sherry) Rashad Sayed Abdellatif (University Canada West, Canada), Larry Earnhart (University Canada West, Canada), Jack E. Smith (University Canada West, Canada)and Bismark Addai (University Canada West, Canada)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 36
Source title: The Impact of Blockchain in Token Economies
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Guneet Kaur (University of Stirling, UK), Lorena Nessi (Fairleigh Dickinson University, UK)and Pooja Lekhi (University Canada West, Canada)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-3371-7.ch012

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Abstract

Blockchain technology has disrupted traditional business models through tokenization. Tokenized systems offer opportunities while presenting risks and challenges for global investors. This chapter critically examines the risks, challenges, and ethical considerations in tokenized systems. It analyzes risks, such as financial, liquidity, market, operational, fraud, and cybersecurity risks. Further, it addresses constraints related to blockchain networks, adoption, scalability, sustainability, and governance, including the integration of artificial intelligence (AI). The chapter also evaluates ethical concerns related to tokenization, such as algorithmic bias, data privacy, accountability, and sustainability. To address these critical issues, it proposes a conceptual framework and concludes with policy insights and an outlook to guide the ethical and responsible adoption of tokenized systems globally and within indigenized contexts. This discussion is further illustrated through an Indigenous-focused case study, framed by the lens of “two-eyed seeing”, as presented in Annex Chapter 12.

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