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How to Reason about the World: The Common Reasoning Platform
Abstract
Along with substances of all kinds, states of all manner, and changes of all types and exemplifications, relationships of all sorts and instances appear to be among the prime constituents of the universe as a whole and its realms, regions, and domains as the world of nature, the universe of society, and the domain of minds. Hence, knowledge of relations, as the causeeffect relationship, constitutes the basic core of real knowledge and, consequently, the logical fundament for all basic kinds of reasoning about the world. Since all reasoning upon reality, its particular classes, parts and features, is eventually to be founded on the underlying relations of substances, states, changes, and analogies, as well as on the meta-relations of whole-part, comparison, contrast, identity, resemblance, and difference. To adequately represent and consistently reason about reality is vitally important not only for human beings but also for prospective intelligent machines driven by the ontological models of the world comprehending the logical models of possible worlds. A widely practiced logical tradition to represent the world in terms of abstract classes, properties, and relations or purely mathematical objects, functions, and relations looks to be a main conceptual obstacle to creating effective reasoning systems. Since the likewise artificial conceptualizations of the world are missing out the core of things, their nature and reality, providing the ontological ground and making true the truth. These would-be reasoning systems will not work effectively because of their built-in incapacity to work out any complex real problems or situations or challenges. Above all other things, such intelligent systems will be unable to see the difference of physical, mental, or social objects so that to recognize their attributes, qualities, properties, states, changes, and relations.
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