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Multimodal Representation of Herder-Farmer Conflicts in Selected Nigerian Online Cartoons
Abstract
Cartoons reveal complex dimensions of clashes between nomadic herders and agrarian farmers in Nigeria. This study examines 13 cartoons published in e-publishing unit of The Punch, one of Nigeria's most widely read newspapers, to explore how multiple modes combine to depict herder-farmer conflicts (HFCs), in order to describe how semiotic resources contextualise HFCs and how digital resources function in humorising HFCs in online newspapers. Multimodal discourse exploration of HFCs is performed via Kress' (2010) social semiotic approach to multimodal discourse. Findings reveal that The Punch deploys diverse modes of representation – image, writing, caricature. Interaction among semiotic resources, shared situation and linguistic forms reveals dimensions of insecurity, ethnoreligious bigotry, human rights violation, hypocrisy. Cartoonists are critical of Nigerian government's level of involvement in HFCs, revealing state actors as cohorts in herders' attacks; and sedentary farmers as victims. HCFs are framed as complex sociopolitical crises, intensifying ethnic tensions and divisions.
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