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Juvenile Justice and Human Rights: A Comparative Study
Abstract
This chapter compares juvenile justice systems in African and Western contexts, focusing on their alignment with international frameworks like the CRC and ACRWC. African systems often reflect punitive colonial legacies, leading to overcrowded facilities and inadequate rehabilitation, while Western systems emphasize restorative justice but face challenges like racial disparities. Case studies from South Africa, Kenya, the U.S., and Europe highlight diverse issues. South Africa's Child Justice Act promotes diversion but lacks resources, and Kenya faces overcrowding despite legal reforms. The U.S. reduces detention through initiatives like JDAI but struggles with equity, while European nations achieve success with rehabilitation-based models. The chapter advocates reforms prioritizing human rights, community-based alternatives, and systemic equity to create effective, rights-based juvenile justice systems.
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