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Homogenous Groups in EU Member States According to Common Indicators of Sustainable Development
Abstract
Sustainability is a global principle highlighting the interconnectedness of economic, social, and environmental dimensions. Sustainable development is a challenge not only for the EU but for the entire world. This chapter aims to examine the 27 EU Member States using cluster analysis. Five indicators were included in the examination and these represents all EU 27 sustainable development strategies. Indicators were compared with GDP and HDI, the two most relevant indicators of economic development and human well-being. The research posed the question: can we identify homogeneous groups of countries regarding sustainability among the 27 EU Member States? The analysis revealed that when clustering based on GDP, the Member States typically fell into two, three or four clusters. In contrast, when clustered according to the HDI, the number of clusters varied between two and four. Ultimately, four distinct clusters emerged: cutting-edge, fast-growing, prudently advanced, and tail-enders. The performance of Member States can be identified according to their positions within these clusters.
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