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Fostering Bilingual Skills in Individuals With Down Syndrome: Challenges, Opportunities, and Occupational Therapy Contributions

Fostering Bilingual Skills in Individuals With Down Syndrome: Challenges, Opportunities, and Occupational Therapy Contributions
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Author(s): Dimitra V. Katsarou (University of the Aegean, Greece)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 16
Source title: Optimizing Bilingual Development in Typical and Atypical Children: Language Acquisition, Use, and Interventions
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Dimitra V. Katsarou (University of the Aegean, Greece)and Ifigeneia Dosi (Democritus University of Thrace, Greece)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-1752-6.ch014

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Abstract

Bilingualism in individuals with Down syndrome offers unique opportunities and challenges for cognitive and linguistic development. Although DS is characterized by intellectual disability and language delays, emerging research demonstrates that bilingual individuals with DS can achieve language proficiency comparable to their monolingual peers with DS. Studies indicate that bilingualism does not hinder, but may enhance, cognitive flexibility and executive functioning. Targeted interventions, particularly those delivered through occupational therapy (OT), support the development of expressive and receptive language skills. These interventions also incorporate multisensory methods, including visual aids and repetition, which align with the learning profiles of individuals with DS. Despite these benefits, implementation challenges persist, such as limited access to bilingual therapists and inconsistent language exposure. Collaborative efforts between therapists, families, and educators are essential to provide consistent, high-quality input across environments.

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