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Façade Failures, Diagnostics, and Retrofitting Strategies: Targeted Approaches for Sustainable and Extended Service Life
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Author(s): Arkar Htet (Lincoln University College, Malaysia), Theingi Aung (Lincoln University College, Malayisa), Nay Win (Mullion Facade Engineering School, Myanmar)and Moe Min Min (Mullion Facade Engineering School, Myanmar)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 34
Source title:
Principles, Materials, and Applications in Facade Engineering
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Arkar Htet (Mullion Facade Engineering School, Myanmar)and Theingi Aung (Mullion Facade Engineering School, Myanmar)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-6023-2.ch009
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Abstract
Façade deterioration affects energy performance, durability, comfort, and long-term building value. This chapter examines four recurring failure mechanisms-thermal bridging, sealant degradation, structural fatigue, and water ingress and explains how they develop through the interaction of exposure, detailing, material aging, and maintenance conditions. It reviews three practical diagnostic approaches: infrared thermography, drone-assisted visual inspection, and selective material sampling, and proposes a staged workflow linking anomaly detection with technical confirmation. Building on this base, the chapter evaluates targeted retrofit strategies, including sealant rehabilitation, partial cladding replacement, thermal upgrades, and localized structural repair. Climate-responsive application is also considered to distinguish priorities in humid and temperate contexts. The chapter argues that sustainable façade renewal should be evidence-based, proportional, and lifecycle-oriented, extending service life while reducing waste, disruption, and unnecessary replacement.
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