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Ethical Theories in AI: Deontology, Consequentialism, Virtue Ethics, and Their Role in Fairness Accountability Transparency and Privacy
Abstract
This chapter examines the application of classical ethical theories deontology, consequentialism, and virtue ethics to the governance of artificial intelligence (AI). It argues that the principles of fairness, accountability, transparency, and privacy cannot be adequately addressed without grounding in established moral philosophy. Through detailed analysis, the chapter demonstrates how deontological duties, consequentialist outcomes, and virtue-based character reasoning provide complementary insights into the ethical challenges of AI across healthcare, finance, law enforcement, and social media. A hybrid ethical framework is proposed, integrating duties, consequences, and virtues into a coherent approach to AI governance. By synthesizing theoretical foundations, case studies, and practical recommendations, this chapter contributes to interdisciplinary debates on responsible AI and offers pathways for aligning innovation with human rights, social trust, and global regulatory standards.
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