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Developing a Façade Risk Evaluation Framework (F-REF) Based on Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)

Developing a Façade Risk Evaluation Framework (F-REF) Based on Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
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Author(s): Theingi Aung (Lincoln University College, Malayisa), Arkar Htet (Lincoln University College, Malaysia), Sui Reng Liana (Lincoln University College, Malayisa)and Yin Hlaing Min (Azteca University, Mexico)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 36
Source title: Principles, Materials, and Applications in Facade Engineering
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Arkar Htet (Mullion Facade Engineering School, Myanmar)and Theingi Aung (Mullion Facade Engineering School, Myanmar)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-6023-2.ch010

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Abstract

This chapter develops a Façade Risk Evaluation Framework (F-REF) grounded in Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) for the systematic identification, comparison, and prioritization of façade risks across design, construction, and operation. The framework extends conventional FMEA through façade-specific severity, occurrence, and detection rubrics for unitized curtain walls and ventilated rainscreen systems; a façade-weighted priority index used alongside the traditional Risk Priority Number; dependency-based treatment of coupled failures; and full-matrix application across three façade scenarios with sensitivity testing under alternative weighting schemes. The chapter also positions F-REF against Fault Tree Analysis, Event Tree Analysis, Bow-Tie analysis, and qualitative checklist methods. Although further expert calibration is needed, the framework provides a more rigorous and actionable basis for façade risk screening, inspection planning, and lifecycle decision support.

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