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China and India in Africa: Cooperation and Competition in Global South Health Strategies
Abstract
This chapter examines the health strategies of China and India in Africa, using the geo-health strategy framework to integrate health diplomacy with geopolitical and economic objectives. It analyzes how China's Health Silk Road and India's Maitri Initiative leverage health interventions to expand influence in the Global South. China's state-led approach prioritizes medical infrastructure, vaccine diplomacy, and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), while India's market-driven model focuses on affordable pharmaceuticals, digital health, and medical tourism. Despite promoting South-South cooperation, both nations intertwine humanitarian efforts with economic gains and strategic competition. The chapter argues that health diplomacy serves not only humanitarian goals but also functions as a geopolitical tool for reshaping power dynamics and challenging Western dominance in African healthcare sectors.
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