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A Comprehensive Review of State-of-the-Art Battery Energy Systems for Green Transportation
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Author(s): G.V. Keerthi Sri (Department of EEE, SR University, India), Venkataramana Veeramsetty (Department of EEE, SR University, India)and D. M. Vinod Kumar (Department of EEE, SR University, India)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 40
Source title:
Advancements and Innovations in Electrochemical Conversion and Energy Storage
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Khaoula Alaoui (Ibn Tofail University, Morocco), Moussa Ouakki (Ibn Tofaïl University, Morocco)and Younes El Kacimi (Ibn Tofail University, Morocco)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-3156-0.ch009
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Abstract
The shift to environmentally friendly mobility is central to slowing down climate change, cutting dependence on fossil fuels, and curbing greenhouse gas emissions, thus speeding up the worldwide use of electric vehicles. Battery systems stand at the centre of this movement as they have direct impacts on EV performance, efficiency, and sustainability. This assessment examines the electrochemical processes, strengths, and weaknesses of different contemporary EV battery types, including lithium-ion, lead-acid, nickel-based, sodium-based, and those employed in hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and fuel cell vehicles. Lithium-ion batteries are notable for their ability to store a lot of energy per unit mass, have long lifetimes, and are efficient, yet they are the most widely used battery type in most EVs. Though cheaper, lead-acid and others are generally employed in HEVs and PHEVs because of lesser performance. A comparison highlights the role of each type in EV evolution. The significance of Battery Management Systems for safety, lifespan, and performance is also highlighted.
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