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Three-Level Solid-State Transformer Architecture With Intelligent Fault-Tolerant Control for High-Density Data Centers
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Author(s): Sijing Zhu (PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, China), Shanshan Zheng (PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, China), Jiawen Wang (PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, China)and Mingyuan Tao (PowerChina Huadong Engineering Corporation Limited, China)
Copyright: 2026
Volume: 18
Issue: 1
Pages: 24
Source title:
International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing (IJGHPC)
Editor(s)-in-Chief: Emmanuel Udoh (Sullivan University, USA)and Ching-Hsien Hsu (Asia University, Taiwan)
DOI: 10.4018/IJGHPC.411218
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Abstract
High-performance computing data centers demand reliable and energy-efficient power delivery to manage rapid workload variations and high power density. Traditional transformer systems often show limited efficiency and weak adaptability under high performance computing (HPC) conditions. This study designed a three-level solid-state transformer with intelligent fault-tolerant control and workload-aware optimization. The architecture employed a neutral-point-clamped topology to reduce switching stress, a residual-based mechanism to sustain operation during device faults, and adaptive voltage regulation that tracked real-time workload changes. Experiments on a 50 kW prototype using HPC-oriented traces achieved 95.8–97.1% median efficiency, a 21% improvement in mean time between failures, and notable reductions in tracking error. The results demonstrate that combining multilevel conversion with intelligent control enhances efficiency, resilience, and workload responsiveness, providing a practical route to more scalable and stable HPC data center power delivery.
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