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Adaptive Lightweight Federated Learning With Aggregation-Only CKKS for Privacy-Preserving IoT Intrusion Detection

Adaptive Lightweight Federated Learning With Aggregation-Only CKKS for Privacy-Preserving IoT Intrusion Detection
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Author(s): Mahdi Ajdani (Islamic Azad University of Qeshm, Iran)
Copyright: 2026
Volume: 20
Issue: 1
Pages: 19
Source title: International Journal of Information Security and Privacy (IJISP)
Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yassine Maleh (Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Morocco)and Ahmed A. Abd El-Latif (Menoufia University, Egypt)
DOI: 10.4018/IJISP.402007

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Abstract

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative training without sharing raw data, but standard FL exposes client updates and burdens resource-constrained IoT devices. The authors propose AdaptiveCKKS, an FL framework combining aggregation-only CKKS encryption with index-free block sparsification and stochastic quantization. A lightweight controller adaptively selects compression ratio and quantization per device/round based on on-device calibration of bandwidth, CPU, and encryption cost, while CKKS contexts are fixed at enrollment. The server performs ciphertext-only additions, decrypting only the aggregate each round. On BoT-IoT and ToN-IoT datasets, AdaptiveCKKS improves accuracy by 3.2–3.8% over FL and fixed-HE, reduces per-round communication by ~45% and average power by ~39%, and increases resistance to membership inference and gradient inversion attacks. Results are averaged over 10 runs with 95% confidence intervals, and all artifacts are released for reproducibility.

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