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Cross-Layer Design in Cognitive Radio Systems
Abstract
The main functionalities of a cognitive radio system, to ensure efficient operation of the primary users without harmful intervention from the secondary users and to simultaneously satisfy the requirements of the secondary users, are spectrum sensing, spectrum management, spectrum mobility, and spectrum management. These functions involve more than one layer of protocol stack rather than being performed at a single layer. This chapter briefly revisits these functions from the perspective of classification of the roles of different communication network layers in carrying out these functions. An exhaustive study is then presented of the key properties of cross-layer design applications in cognitive radio systems by taking examples from the existing literature and highlighting some open challenges and new opportunities. A cross-layer design example for interference-limited spectrum sharing systems is discussed in detail, which considers the parameters from the Physical Layer (PHY) and the Data Link Layer (DLL) in order to maximize the overall spectral efficiency of the Secondary User (SU). The numerical results show that the secondary link of spectrum sharing systems combining ARQ with adaptive modulation and coding achieves significant gain in throughput depending on the maximum number of retransmissions.
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