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Varieties of Sharing: Action Frameworks, Structures, and Working Conditions in a New Field
Abstract
This chapter focuses on one element in the digitalisation of work: the forms and conditions of working in the so-called ‘sharing economy' (SE). Based on an analysis of 67 SE platforms, it distinguishes three segments, each of which constitutes a distinctive institutional sphere within the sharing economy: these are an ‘exchange and gift economy', a ‘niche and sideline economy', and the ‘platform economy'. In a further step, the study then identified and compared five dimensions of work within these segments: the type of activity, the form of compensation or recompense involved (monetary or non-monetary), skills and competencies required, the role of technology, and control mechanisms. Each segment is associated with a particular pattern of these dimensions. The chapter then discusses the shift in the traditionally understood determinants of work now observable in the sharing economy. While some of these determinants are being added to by new factors, others are being displaced by internet communities and the socio-technical structures and strategies of the platform providers.
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