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Toxins in the Food Chain: Understanding Bioaccumulation of Carcinogens in Marine Life and Human Health Risks
Abstract
Marine ecosystem is facing threats of pollution from heavy metals and pesticides that have the propensity to bioaccumulate and biomagnify through food chains, putting biodiversity and human health at risk. This chapter focuses on bioaccumulation and trophic transfer of heavy metals and carcinogenic effects that have their pathway in marine organisms to humans via seafood consumption. Objectives include examining the mechanisms of bioaccumulation, evaluating ecological disruptions, assessing cancer risks from prolonged exposure, and analysing the shortcomings of current legal frameworks. The chapter underscores the persistence of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems, their toxic impacts on marine species, and the severe health risks, including cancer, linked to contaminated seafood. The study urges strong discharge controls, improved water quality standards, and integrated monitoring systems to lower heavy metal contamination, preserve biodiversity, and protect human health from carcinogenic risks. It also calls for international cooperation, public awareness, and strong regulations.
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