Systematic Literature Review: XAI and Clinical Decision Support

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Author(s): Thomas M. Connolly (DS Partnership, UK), Mario Soflano (Glasgow Caledonian University, UK)and Petros Papadopoulos (University of Strathclyde, UK)
Copyright: 2023
Pages: 28
Source title: Diverse Perspectives and State-of-the-Art Approaches to the Utilization of Data-Driven Clinical Decision Support Systems
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Thomas M. Connolly (DS Partnership, UK), Petros Papadopoulos (University of Strathclyde, UK)and Mario Soflano (Glasgow Caledonian University, UK)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-5092-5.ch008

Keywords: Business & Management / Decision Support Systems / Health Information Systems / Medical Information Science Reference

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Abstract

Machine learning (ML) applications hold significant promise for innovation within healthcare; however, their full potential has not yet been realised, with limited reports of their clinical and cost benefits in clinical practice. This is due to complex clinical, ethical, and legal questions arising from the lack of understanding about how some ML models operate and come to make decisions. eXplainable AI (XAI) is an approach to help address this problem and make ML models understandable. This chapter reports on a systematic literature review investigating the use of XAI in healthcare within the last six years. Three research questions identified as issues in the literature were examined around how bias was dealt with, which XAI techniques were used, and how the applications were evaluated. Findings show that other than class imbalance and missing values, no other types of bias were accounted for in the shortlisted papers. There were no evaluations of the explainability outputs with clinicians and none of the shortlisted papers used an interventional study or RCT.

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Systematic Literature Review: XAI and Clinical Decision Support

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