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Survey on Beamforming Techniques for 5G Antennas

Survey on Beamforming Techniques for 5G Antennas
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Author(s): B. Rajalakshmi (Sri Sairam Engineering College, India), S. Chitra (Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, India), Prashant Srivastava (School of Engineering and Technology, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India), Mayank Jindal (Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India)and Shaik Mastan Vali (College of Computing and Information Sciences, University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Ibri, Oman)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 32
Source title: Recent Advances in Smart Communication Technologies for a Sustainable Future
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Valentina E. Balas (Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Romania), Hari Mohan Pandey (Bournemouth University, UK), Mohd. Anshari Bin Ali (Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei), Vineeta Singh (Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India)and Alok Kumar (Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-3541-4.ch002

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Abstract

Beamforming antennas have become essential for the growth of high-capacity and energy-efficient wireless communication systems, specifically in 5G and future 6G networks. In 5G, hybrid and digital beamforming facilitate the efficient use of millimeter-wave (mmWave) and sub-6 GHz spectrum, in contrast to 6G, advanced concepts such as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), terahertz (THz) communications, and near-field beamforming are expected to drive unparalleled performance.The present research provides an in-depth review of beamforming techniques employed in both 5G and 6G communication systems. Comparitive analysis are included to show the variations in design, frequency use, performance trade-offs, and developing use cases. The review outlines challenges such as hardware complexity, energy efficiency, and scalability, offering insights into future research areas for achievable beamforming deployment in beyond-5G and 6G systems.

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