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Semiconductor Innovations in Quantum Computing
Abstract
Quantum computing represents a transformative leap in computational power, capable of solving problems beyond the reach of classical computers. This chapter focuses on the crucial role of semiconductor advancements in developing quantum computing, highlighting key technological breakthroughs and engineering challenges. It begins with an overview of quantum computing principles, emphasizing qubits' unique properties like superposition and entanglement, which enable parallel computations. The chapter then delves into semiconductor-based qubits, including silicon-based quantum dots, superconducting qubits, and spin qubits, exploring their operational principles, fabrication techniques, and performance metrics. It also examines material science innovations such as isotopically purified silicon and silicon-germanium heterostructures, essential for qubit stability and scalability. Additionally, the chapter addresses engineering challenges like quantum error correction and the integration of quantum and classical computing systems.
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