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School-to-Prison Pipeline: The Role of School Resource Officers (SRO)
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Author(s): Sheri Jenkins Keenan (University of Memphis, USA)and Jeffrey P. Rush (Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and Criminology, Troy University, USA)
Copyright: 2021
Pages: 14
Source title:
Global Perspectives on Reforming the Criminal Justice System
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Michael Pittaro (American Military University, USA)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6884-2.ch002
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Abstract
Juvenile crime rates have declined steadily since 1994 (Nelson & Lind, 2015) and the number of youths in juvenile detention centers has dropped (Annie E. Casey Foundation, 2011; Hockenberry, 2014; Nelson & Lind, 2015; Smith, 1998); however, school discipline polices are moving in the other direction (Nelson & Lind, 2015). In recent years, the lines between the public school system and the juvenile justice system have become indistinct. There are several trends in K-12 education contributing to the school-to-prison pipeline such as declining school funding, resegregation of schools by race and class, under-representation of students of color in advanced placement, over-representation of student of color in special education, the creation and expansion of “zero-tolerance” policies, tracking, increased presence of SROs, No Child Left Behind (NCLB), standardized testing, and rising drop-out rates (Heitzeg et al., 2009). However, the focus here is the expansion and increased reliance on “zero-tolerance” policies and the use of the SRO to enforce those policies which play an immediate and integral role in feeding the school-to-prison pipeline.
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