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Power, Space, and Politeness: Why d'Alembert Was Saluted Impolitely
Abstract
This study critically examines the rules of politeness (politesse, fr.) in 18th-century France, which are believed to have bridged class divides and enabled rational communication between the nobility and bourgeoisie. As a result of the analysis, the functions these rules served during that period and the underlying power struggles will be revealed, providing a conceptual framework to understand the potential meanings of polite and impolite behaviors in different times, spaces, and contexts, especially for the modern era. The hypotheses of the study are as follows: (1) The rules of politeness, which determine what speech and behavior are considered polite or impolite, and who can perform them, where, and under which circumstances, arise as a result of power inequalities and function to maintain them. (2) Because it determines the content, form, and speaking-subject prior to speech or action, politeness does not liberate or facilitate communication or interaction between individuals.
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