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Politeness Strategies in Turkish Educational Textbooks: A Pragmatic Analysis
Abstract
This study analyzes politeness and rudeness strategies in Turkish primary and secondary school textbooks, identifying their use in social settings. Social norms are learned through family and school, with language playing a key role. In Turkish culture, politeness strategies, such as respecting elders, reflect social hierarchy. Understanding these strategies helps individuals grasp cultural codes and communicate effectively. Using Brown and Levinson's (1987) Politeness Theory, 18 textbooks (Life Science 1-3, Social Studies 4-7, and Turkish 1-8) were examined, identifying 730 actions. Positive politeness (355) was most frequent, followed by negative politeness (231), bald-on-record (92), and off-record (52). The limited emphasis on politeness and rudeness strategies in textbooks highlights their role in social integration and interpersonal skills. Expanding real-life examples in textbooks and providing teachers with additional materials can enhance students' understanding of pragmatic language use.
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