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Overview of Friction Stir Welding (FSW) Technology
Abstract
The solid-state joining process, known as Friction Stir Welding (FSW), has revolutionized material joining operations for aluminum and magnesium alloys across various industries. The paper explains FSW as a process that differs from traditional fusion welding because it utilizes a rotating tool to generate frictional heat, rather than melting the base materials for interface joining. The process produces strong welds with excellent mechanical properties, minimal distortion, and fine-grained microstructure, making FSW ideal for aerospace, automotive, and marine applications. The paper explains the basic operation of FSW through a detailed analysis of tool design, process parameters, and joint preparation methods that produce optimal weld quality.
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