IRMA-International.org: Creator of Knowledge
Information Resources Management Association
Advancing the Concepts & Practices of Information Resources Management in Modern Organizations

Large Language Models (LLMs): Architectures, Applications, and Future Innovations in Artificial Intelligence

Large Language Models (LLMs): Architectures, Applications, and Future Innovations in Artificial Intelligence
View Sample PDF
Author(s): Aryaman Sharma (University of Melbourne, Australia)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 18
Source title: Encyclopedia of Modern Artificial Intelligence
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Mehdi Khosrow-Pour, D.B.A. (Founding Editor-in-Chief, Information Resources Management Journal (IRMJ), USA)
DOI: 10.4018/404020

Purchase

View Large Language Models (LLMs): Architectures, Applications, and Future Innovations in Artificial Intelligence on the publisher's website for pricing and purchasing information.

Abstract

Large Language Models have quickly become the cornerstone of modern Artificial Intelligence, showcasing exceptional performance across a wide variety of natural language understanding and generation tasks. These models that are built on architectures, such as Transformers or Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG's) to name a few and are trained on massive datasets have shown promising capabilities such as in-context learning, reasoning, and instruction following. In this chapter, a comprehensive explorative study is performed on the foundational principles underlying the workings of modern day LLMs including their architectures, training methodologies, and fine-tuning optimization techniques. Furthermore, this chapter delves deeper into the diverse applications across industries while also exploring the key technical challenges like hallucinations, biases, fairness, and scalability. Further research directions include advancements in efficiency, alignment with human preferences, and integration of external knowledge.

Related Content

Frederic Andres. © 2027. 14 pages.
Kalsoom Safdar, Khairul Najmy Abdul Rani, Mohd Aminudin Jamlos, Siti Julia Rosli, Muhammad Usman Younus, Zanab Safdar. © 2027. 27 pages.
Bani Adam, Binastya Anggara Sekti, Muhammad Adi Zacky Zahran. © 2027. 24 pages.
Swetha Margaret T. A., Renuka Devi D.. © 2027. 31 pages.
Maurice Saluschke, Michael Schulz. © 2027. 30 pages.
Mirjam Sepesy Maučec, Gregor Donaj. © 2027. 16 pages.
Jorge A. Ruiz-Vanoye, Ocotlan Diaz-Parra, Ricardo A. Barrera-Cámara, Alejandro Fuentes-Penna, Francisco R. Trejo-Macotela, Jaime Aguilar-Ortiz, Eric Simancas-Acevedo. © 2027. 21 pages.
Body Bottom