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Intricate Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Reactive Nitrogen Species in Leishmaniasis: Mechanisms, Implications, and Therapeutic Potential

Intricate Role of Reactive Oxygen Species and Reactive Nitrogen Species in Leishmaniasis: Mechanisms, Implications, and Therapeutic Potential
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Author(s): Radhey Shyam Kaushal (Parul University, India), Aviral Kaushik (Parul University, India)and C. Ratna Prabha (Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, India)
Copyright: 2025
Pages: 42
Source title: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Health and Disease
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Pranav Kumar Prabhakar (Department of Biotechnology, Nagaland University, India)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3693-7919-6.ch008

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Abstract

Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoan parasite, poses a significant global health challenge, affecting millions worldwide. The immune response to Leishmania involves the generation of ROS and RNS, which are critical for controlling the infection. During Leishmaniasis, phagocytic cells, generate ROS and RNS as part of the immune response, which are critical for killing intracellular pathogens. Leishmania has evolved mechanisms to survive oxidative stress by enhancing its antioxidant defences like superoxide dismutase and trypanothione reductase, which neutralize these reactive species. This ability to counteract ROS and RNS not only aids in the parasite's survival within host cells but also contributes to chronic inflammation and tissue damage, ultimately influencing disease progression and severity. This chapter explores the intricate role of ROS and RNS, highlighting their dual function in regulating the parasite and contributing to disease pathology, therapeutic potential of targeting ROS/RNS pathways.

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