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Hybrid Authentication System Using Image-Based Multi-Factor Verification

Hybrid Authentication System Using Image-Based Multi-Factor Verification
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Author(s): Golla Sandhyakumari (Siddharth Institute of Engineering and Technology, India), M. Bharathi (Sri Venkatesa Perumal College of Engineering and Technology, India)and V. Madhurima (SV College of Engineering, India)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 14
Source title: Safe Data-Driven Control for Cyber-Physical Systems
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Adnène Arbi (National Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, University of Carthage, Tunisia & Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering, Tunisia Polytechnic School, University of Carthage, Tunisia)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-1832-5.ch008

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Abstract

Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) is a secure electronic verification method that allows users to access an application or website only after completing multiple layers of authentication. While protecting sensitive data and systems from cyber threats is critical, traditional text-based authentication methods fail to provide sufficient security. Current systems enhance security by incorporating additional layers, such as OTPs sent to mobile phones or emails, or biometric verification using facial recognition. However, these systems often rely on costly hardware, limiting their accessibility. This paper proposes an integrated Authentication System designed to achieve high levels of security using low-cost equipment. The proposed system eliminates the need for expensive hardware by utilizing images as passwords in a novel three-step authentication process. The system effectively counters various cyber threats, including malware attacks, phishing, and SQL injection, offering a cost-effective and robust solution for secure authentication.

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