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Generative AI and Digital Twins for Sustainable Last-Mile Logistics: Enabling Green Operations and Electric Vehicle Integration
Abstract
The rapid rise of e-commerce and urbanization has intensified the importance of last-mile logistics—the most cost-intensive, environmentally impactful, and complex segment of supply chains. Over the past decade, green logistics measures such as electric vehicles, cargo e-bikes, and urban consolidation centers have helped curb emissions and congestion, yet remain limited in scalability. Emerging technologies—Generative AI, Digital Twins, and autonomous operations—offer new pathways for sustainable transformation. This chapter reviews literature from 2015–2025, highlighting how AI-driven forecasting, route optimization, predictive maintenance, and digital-twin simulations can accelerate decarbonization and resilience. It also identifies key challenges including high costs, data privacy, and equity for small operators. The study concludes that integrating digital innovation with sustainability goals can create intelligent, inclusive, and low-carbon urban logistics systems.
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