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Food-Drug Interactions: Types, Causal Mechanisms, Potential Consequences, and Preventive Strategies
Abstract
Bioactive dietary ingredients can influence the pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic attributes of drugs that are orally administered either in conjunction with food or following a short interval. The pharmacokinetic form of food-drug interactions is reflected by changes in the rate/extent of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion. Whereas, diet-induced pharmacodynamic modulation may arise in terms of additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects. Most of the clinically important, food-drug interactions occur on account of altered drug bioavailability attributed to dietary constituents. Depending upon their occurrence and severity, food-drug interactions leading to enhanced plasma drug concentrations may have beneficial or harmful consequences. The outcomes of food-drug interactions may range from the loss of drug efficacy and subsequent treatment failure to serious adverse effects. Proper adherence to the drug-specific prescribing guidelines and patient compliance are requisite for minimizing the likelihood of potential food-drug interactions.
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