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Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: Maternal and Paternal Exposures in Carcinogenesis
Abstract
There is an intricate relationship between the exposome and critical periods of gametogenesis, teratogenesis, and cancer development. Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) framework to cancer susceptibility examines the hypothesis that early-life environmental exposures can program long-term cancer risk. The authors review epidemiological studies demonstrating associations between developmental exposures and increased cancer risk. Case studies beginning from gametogenesis, debates on biological mechanisms, epigenetic modifications, and altered tissue development are discussed. The chapter also critically analyzes key controversies such as methodological limitations, the etiological complexity of cancer, issues of generalizability, and translational hurdles. This work demonstrates how environmental factors influence gamete formation, embryonic development, and carcinogenesis to highlight the need for addressing parental health and reducing health disparities.
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