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Cognitive Function Involving Glial Cells: The Surprising Role of Astrocytes
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Author(s): Samira Boulbaroud (Polydisciplinary Faculty of Beni Mellal, Morocco), Hanane Khalki (Polydisciplinary Faculty of Beni Mellal, Morocco)and Fatima Zahra Azzaoui (Laboratory of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco)
Copyright: 2024
Pages: 28
Source title:
Physiology and Function of Glial Cells in Health and Disease
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Bilal El-Mansoury (Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, Morocco), Omar El Hiba (Chouaib Doukkali University, Morocco)and Arumugam Radhakrishnan Jayakumar (University of Miami, USA)
DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-9675-6.ch003
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Abstract
Astrocytes, once considered passive support cells in the central nervous system, are now recognized as dynamic contributors to neuronal processes. They play pivotal roles in regulating synaptic transmission, modulating excitability, and influencing synapse formation. These non-neuronal cells release gliotransmitters like glutamate, affecting synaptic activity. Dysfunctions in astrocytes are linked to neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. In neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, astrocytic dysfunction plays distinct roles. While astrocytes may not significantly contribute to Alzheimer's progression, they are involved in neuroinflammation, Aβ metabolism, and calcium regulation. Conversely, in Parkinson's, astrocytes contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction, impacting dopaminergic neurons. This comprehensive exploration sheds light on the intricate and multifaceted roles of astrocytes in cognition and their potential implications for therapeutic interventions in neurological and psychiatric conditions.
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