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Characteristics of Adults as Learners (Kathryn Patricia Cross)
Abstract
In the same way as other facets of education, understanding of adult learning has developed over time. Merriam (2018) said that 'what we do have is collection of principles and explanations that form an ever-evolving knowledge base of adult learning'. Indeed, this evolution is a reflection of increasing recognition of the diverse learning needs of adult learners. Cross (1981) brought emphasis to lifelong learning, highlighting the need of constantly learn in rapidly shifting societies give rise to examination of the characteristics of adult learners. In light of this, this chapter explores how the Characteristics of Adults as Learners model developed by Kathryn Patricia Cross significantly influences adult learning. Furthermore, future research directions are proposed to improve comprehension and application of the CAL model across diverse educational contexts. Recommendations are intended to address its implementation among a variety of educational settings, such as formal and informal and to enhance the model's flexibility to the changing requirements of adult learner populations.
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