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Characterising Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Abstract
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects children. ADHD can often persist in adulthood too. Children diagnosed with ADHD have significantly increased across the globe and range between 3-10% of the population. The cardinal features of ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Clinically significant impairment affects bio-psychosocial functioning. Theoretical understanding reveals the central role of genetics, environmental factors, and cognition in ADHD symptoms. The gold standard for ADHD diagnosis relies on clinical history, mental status examination, and diagnostic tools. Pharmacological intervention is the first-line evidence-based treatment for ADHD. However, studies also report that children don't respond to or can't tolerate medications and suffered from adverse side effects. There are also evidence-based treatments such as neurofeedback training that uses technology to regulate brain activity through modifying brain waves. Hence, developing devices for assessment and intervention using technology that targets the cognitive deficits is the need of the hour.
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