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Challenges and Limitations of Implementing AI in Schools: Barriers to Equitable and Effective Integration in K–12 Education

Challenges and Limitations of Implementing AI in Schools: Barriers to Equitable and Effective Integration in K–12 Education
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Author(s): Umaira Tabassum (Beijing Institute of Technology, China)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 34
Source title: AI-Powered Cognitive Tutors and the New Frontier of Personalized Learning
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Samra Maqbool (Beijing Normal University, China), Hafiz Muhammad Ihsan Zafeer (Zhejiang Normal University, China)and Ayesha Tariq (The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-4217-7.ch003

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Abstract

This chapter addresses the challenging issues concerning implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in K-12 education, investigates five areas of significant barriers to AI use: infrastructure, pedagogy, teacher readiness, ethics, and policy; identifies the digital divide, rigidness of the curricular, inadequacies of teacher training, attacks on data privacy and data biases, and insufficiencies in leadership; uses both global studies and real-life case illustration to problematize systemic barriers and offer opportunities to make them better. The chapter shows that in order to realize equitable access to AI, adequate professional development, ethical codes of conduct, and a relevant policy change, there needs to be a system wide impact and support to understand the capabilities of AI and radically change how AI could reshape education as we know it, while still keeping in mind the essence of education as a human process.

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