Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms: Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic

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Author(s): Vajra Vivek Bandodkar (St. Aloysius University (Deemed), India), Vishal Shridhar Moger (St. Aloysius University (Deemed), India)and Pallavi Baliga (St. Aloysius University (Deemed), India)
Copyright: 2025
Pages: 38
Source title: The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Human Health and Disease
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Pranav Kumar Prabhakar (Department of Biotechnology, Nagaland University, India)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3693-7919-6.ch002

Keywords: Healthcare Administration / Medical Diagnosis and Practice / Medical Information Science Reference / Medicine & Healthcare

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Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules generated as a byproduct of normal metabolism and through exposure to external factors, such as radiation, pollutants, and certain medications. Overproduction of ROS leads to oxidative stress. Stress can damage vital biomolecules like DNA, proteins, and lipids, leading to chronic diseases. This chapter discusses the response of cells to oxidative stress. Roles and regulatory mechanisms of superoxide dismutase, catalase, the glutathione system, peroxiredoxin, and thioredoxin, in ROS defense have been discussed. The benefits of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, and minerals like selenium, and zinc have been highlighted. The synergistic interactions between enzymatic and non-enzymatic components have been detailed. This chapter highlights the potential of antioxidants to prevent chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and neurodegeneration. The chapter concludes by discussing the intricacies of antioxidant supplementation, including challenges and future directions.

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Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms: Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic

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