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Adversarial Attacks and Backdoor Exploitation in Large Language Models: Detection, Forensic Analysis, and Defense Mechanisms

Adversarial Attacks and Backdoor Exploitation in Large Language Models: Detection, Forensic Analysis, and Defense Mechanisms
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Author(s): Rocky Kumar (Poornima University, Jaipur, India)and Joe Arun Raja (Presidency University, Bengaluru, India)
Copyright: 2026
Pages: 38
Source title: Examining Vulnerabilities and Adversarial Exploitation of AI and LLMs
Source Author(s)/Editor(s): Puya Pakshad (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA)and Marwan Omar (Illinois Institute of Technology, USA)
DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3373-8252-4.ch003

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Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have quickly become cornerstone elements in intelligent systems nowadays, making decisions, automating processes, and doing security operations and interactive applications in a variety of environments. However, their increased integration into critical infrastructures has led to increased concerns regarding malfeasance exploitation by an adversary and/or hidden vulnerabilities. Attackers can exploit these models with prompt-based attacks, backdoors, data poisoning and output manipulation to gain unpermitted access to the model, spread false information, bypass safety filters and to misclassify. These adversarial ways pose a great challenge to the reliability, interpretability and trust degrees when it comes to the AI-driven platforms. This chapter is a detailed look of the adversarial attack surfaces and backdoor exploitation techniques against LLMs. I

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